Devops Interview Questions
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Q1. What is Version control?
Ans. It is a system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later.
Q2. What are containers?
Ans. Containers are form of lightweight virtualization, heavier than ‘chroot’ but lighter than ‘hypervisors’. They give isolation among processes while using same kernel as the host machine, and ‘cgroups’ functionality within kernel.
Q3. What is Continuous Delivery?
Ans. It is practice of delivering the software for testing as soon as it is built by CI (Continuous Integration) servers.
Q4. What are the uses of Version control?
Ans.
Revert files back to a previous state.
Revert the entire project back to a previous state.
Compare changes over time.
See who last modified something that might be causing a problem.
Who introduced an issue and when.
Q5. What are the core operations of DevOps in terms of development and Infrastructure?
Ans. The core operations of DevOps are: application development, code developing, code coverage, unit testing, packaging, deployment with infrastructure, provisioning, configuration, orchestration, and deployment.
Q6. Can one consider DevOps as an Agile methodology?
Ans. DevOps can be considered complementary to the agile methodology, but not completely similar.
Q7. Name some of the top tools used in DevOps? What are the tools that you have used?
Ans. Some of the common tools are – Docker, Git, Selenium, Puppet, Nagios and Chef
Q8. What is Git?
Ans. Git is a Distributed Version Control system (DVCS). It can track changes to a file and allows you to revert back to any particular change.
Q9. In Git how do you revert a commit that has already been pushed and made public?
Ans. It can be done in two ways:
By removing or fixing the bad file in a new commit and pushing it to the remote repository. Once the necessary changes to the file has been made, commit it to the remote repository. Use: git commit -m “commit message”
By creating a new commit that undoes all changes that were made in the bad commit. To do this, use command: git revert <name of bad commit>
Q10. What is Git bisect?
Ans. Git bisect is used to find the commit that introduced a bug by using binary search.
Q11. Why do you need a Continuous Integration of Dev & Testing?
Ans. Continuous Integration of Dev and Testing improves the quality of software, and reduces the time taken to deliver it, by replacing the traditional practice of testing after completing all development.
Q12. Which is the most popular scripting language in DevOps?
Ans. Python.
Q13. What is Vagrant and what is it used for?
Ans. Vagrant is a tool that can create and manage virtualized (or containerized) environments for testing and developing software.
Q14. What is post mortem meetings?
Ans. It is done to discuss what went wrong and what steps should be taken , so that failure doesn’t happen again.
Q15. What is meant by Continuous Integration?
Ans. It is a development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day.
Q16. What’s a PTR in DNS?
Ans. Pointer (PTR) record is used for revers DNS (Domain Name System) lookup.
Q17. What testing is necessary to insure a new service is ready for production?
Ans. Continuous testing
Q18. What is Continuous Testing?
Ans. Continuous Testing is the process of executing automated tests as part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the business risks associated with in the latest build.
Q19. What is Automation Testing?
Ans. Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating the manual process to test the application/system under test.
Q20. What are the key elements of continuous testing?
Ans. Risk assessment, policy analysis, requirements traceability, advanced analysis, test optimisation, and service virtualisation
Q21. What are the Testing types supported by Selenium?
Ans. Regression testing and functional testing
Q22. Differentiate between Asset Management and Configuration Management
Ans. Asset Management, broadly defined, refers to any system that monitors and maintains things of value to an entity or group.
Configuration Management is the process of planning for, identifying, controlling and verifying the Configurations Items (CIs) within a service, recording their status and, in support of Change Management, assessing the potential IT impact of changing those items.
Q23. What is Puppet?
Ans. It is a Configuration Management tool which is used to automate administration tasks.
Q24. How does HTTP work?
Ans. The HTTP protocol works in a client and server model like most other protocols. A web browser using which a request is initiated is called as a client and a web server software which responds to that request is called a server. World Wide Web Consortium and the Internet Engineering Task Force are two important spokes in the standardization of the HTTP protocol.
Q25. Describe two-factor authentication?
Ans. Two-factor authentication is a security process in which the user provides two means of identification from separate categories of credentials; one is typically a physical token, such as a card, and the other is typically something memorized, such as a security code.
Future in Devops :
DevOps is extraordinary on the off chance that you jump at the chance to investigate and work with an assortment of innovations and procedures. I think one about the principal things to consider is its bundling that the tech groups use to give the associations items and administrations. The better bundled and more maleable the bundling the less demanding it is to continue everything institutionalized and reusable.
In the event that you like playing with setup administration frameworks (Puppet, Chef, Ansible, and so on… ) and diving into imaging frameworks, for example, Docker you will like DevOps. I would alert that it is VERY imperative to make exceedingly configurable bundling of the IT frameworks being used with the goal that they can advance as the association's needs change. This likewise makes it less demanding to change for generation, QA, organizing, and improvement conditions.
All things considered, the measure of new advancements and administrations being discharged into the market is developing exponentially (particularly with the addon capability of all the open source systems in presence). In DevOps no innovation is forbidden and you get yourself ceaselessly working with, coordinating, and computerizing diverse advances. As the measure of tech and administrations develop, so to is the interest for individuals who can assemble everything into brilliant pictures (design oversaw pictures on various situations).
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